Neon signs have evolved from glowing 20th-century advertisements to iconic pieces of modern design. But what gives them their famous glow? The answer depends on the type: traditional real neon lights or contemporary LED neon lights. Understanding the materials and craftsmanship behind each reveals why they look, feel, and perform differently.
The Anatomy of a Traditional Glass & Gas Neon Sign
Often called “real” or “classic” neon, this method is where the technology began. It’s a true craft, involving specialised glasswork and physics.
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The Tube: Borosilicate Glass
The journey starts with hollow tubes made from borosilicate glass—the same heat-resistant material used in laboratory equipment. A skilled glassblower (a “neon bender”) carefully heats these tubes over a fire, bending them by hand into precise letters or shapes based on a pattern. This requires remarkable skill, as each bend must be exact to ensure uniform light. -
The Glow: Rare Noble Gases
Once shaped, the tube is sealed and evacuated of air. It is then filled with a small amount of one or more noble gases at low pressure. The specific gas determines the colour:-
Neon (Ne): Produces the classic, bright orange-red glow.
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Argon (Ar): Emits a soft lavender light. When mixed with a drop of mercury and coated with a phosphor powder inside the glass, it can create blues, greens, and whites.
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Other gases like Helium (yellow-gold), Krypton (pale white), and Xenon are used for more specialised colours.
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The Power: High-Voltage Electrodes
Metal electrodes are sealed at each end of the tube. When connected to a high-voltage transformer (typically 2,000-15,000 volts), the electrical current ionises the gas inside, causing it to emit a steady, vibrant light. The buzz or hum sometimes heard is from this transformer.
The Modern Alternative: LED Neon Flex Signs
LED neon is a revolutionary technology that replicates the neon look with entirely different materials. It’s often called “flex neon” or “faux neon,” but high-quality versions offer a convincing and practical alternative.
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The Housing: PVC or Silicone Jacket
Instead of glass, the light source is housed in a durable, flexible plastic (usually PVC or silicone) extrusion. This creates a soft, rope-like tube that can be cut and shaped more easily than glass, allowing for intricate designs. -
The Light Source: Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs)
Inside this plastic channel, bright LED chips are mounted along a flexible circuit board. Modern LEDs are incredibly energy-efficient and capable of producing a vast spectrum of saturated, vibrant colours simply by adjusting their output. RGB LEDs can even change colour dynamically. -
The Power: Low-Voltage Drivers
LED neon runs on low-voltage DC power (usually 12V or 24V), supplied by a small, cool-running driver. This makes it inherently safer to handle and install, uses up to 70% less energy than traditional neon, and generates almost no heat.
Glass & Gas vs. LED Neon: A Neutral Comparison
| Feature | Traditional Glass & Gas Neon | Modern LED Neon Flex |
|---|---|---|
| Material | Hand-bent borosilicate glass | Flexible PVC/silicone extrusion |
| Light Source | Ionised noble gases (Ne, Ar, etc.) | Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) |
| Feel & Texture | Hard, rigid, glass. Warm to the touch. | Soft, flexible, plastic. Cool to the touch. |
| Light Quality | Organic, diffused, slightly flickering glow. | Bright, even, consistent colour output. |
| Durability | Fragile; glass can break. Sensitive to weather. | Highly durable; waterproof, suitable for outdoors. |
| Energy Use | Higher; requires a high-voltage transformer. | Very low; runs on a low-voltage driver. |
| Customisation | Requires expert glassblowing; superb for unique shapes. | Easily cut and shaped; excellent for complex logos. |
Choosing the Right Material for Your Project
The best choice isn’t about which is “better,” but which is more suitable for your specific needs.
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Consider Traditional Glass Neon if: You seek an authentic, handcrafted heritage piece with that classic, warm glow. It’s ideal for indoor installations where its artistry can be appreciated, for specific vintage colours (like true neon red), and for projects where the craft itself is part of the value.
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Consider Modern LED Neon if: Your priority is durability, energy efficiency, and versatile installation. It’s the clear choice for outdoor signs, complex multi-colour designs, renters who need removable pieces, or projects with stricter safety and budget considerations.
The Final Word
Both traditional and LED neon signs have a rightful place in modern design. The glass and gas method is a revered craft, producing timeless pieces with a soulful glow. LED technology is an innovative, adaptable solution that has made the neon aesthetic more accessible and practical than ever.
Understanding these materials is the first step in appreciating—or commissioning—a piece of illuminated art.
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Smithers of Shoreditch handcrafts both traditional gas and modern LED neon signs in London. Explore our custom design service to bring your idea to light.